Television is unhealthy for children

Why spend life with hatred? Life is too short to have such negativity. It takes a lot of hurt, and anger, and betrayal for me to hate someone. Love and hate are two things that go hand in hand but in complete opposite ways. You can make me mad or say hurtful things and I will orgive you, but when you disappoint me and betray me over and over again is when hatred takes its place.When I think of the words love and hate I think of my father. It all began for as long as I can remember my dad always had a drinking problem. IVe never seen my father sober even till today every time I see him he has some kind of beer or alcoholic beverage in his hand. Alcoholism is a disease that my father is very sick with. He grew up with two sisters and a brother. He wasn't raised in a great household.My grandmother and grandfather got divorced when my father was about five years old but he was abused everyday by both my grandmother and grandfather. This brings me to my story. When I was about three years old my parents fought everyday about my fathers drinking problem as it progressively escalated with time. My mom worked overnights at children's hospital, while my father was supposed to be watching me and my sisters.

Strategic Decision-Making

â€Å"Rational decision-making is an impossible ideal in strategy formulation and implementation due to incomplete information and organisational politics. † Strategy is formulated and implemented by organisations as a means of gaining competitive advantage and achieving organisational success. Frequent fast, widely supported, and high quality strategic decisions are the cornerstone of effective strategy (Eisenhardt, 1999 in Clegg et. Al, 2012). In today's world of borderless business, ever-evolving technology and rapid change, can these decisions be made rationally?Currently there are three main decision-making paradigms in the literature – rational decision-making, political decision-making and the garbage can model. Each paradigm frames the decision-making process differently and each will be discussed in turn in this essay. It will then be concluded that while rational decision-making is possible, it is only boundedly so due to incomplete information confounded by t he limitations of human cognition, particularly in the fast-paced business world of today.Furthermore, while people can be individually rational, collectively this is not the case (Eisenhardt ; Zbaracki, 1992) – as organisations are political systems, politics and power are often central to decision-making in the formulation and implementation of strategy. Rational decision-making Model According to the rational decision making model, clear goals and objectives are first identified and listed in order of importance. All the alternative courses of action associated with each objective are then identified and the consequences of each action are established.Consequences are assessed against the values and objectives pursued, with the course of action that best maximises these values being the one that is chosen. This logical step-by-step approach suggests that the outcome will be maximised. It also assumes the decision maker has complete knowledge of not only all possible altern atives, but also their consequences. For strategists who subscribe to this model of decision making, the organisation is seen as a rational bureaucracy where strategic planning is conducted by top management and organisational structure follows.This prescriptive view of decision-making has scientific principles at its core as decision makers are thought to be accurate and objective. Research, however, has shown that the decision-making process used by managers is not as straightforward or linear in nature. In fact, the assumptions underpinning the theory of omniscient rationality, while ‘strikingly simple and beautiful' (Simon, 1978), are fundamentally flawed. Although such an approach to strategy formulation may appear ideal in theory, it cannot be practised except for with relatively simple problems (Linblom, 1959).Limits of the cognitive capacity of humans, and on available information set definite limits on a manager's ability to be fully rational. In addition to this, oth er members of the organisation may disagree with the decision makers choice leading to power plays and politics. Whilst strategic decisions then, fall short of omniscience, they are not necessarily irrational. Rather, they are, and can only ever be, a bounded rationality. Cognitive biases of managers limit the applicability of the rational decision-making approach (Santos & Garcia, 2006).The organisational situation is framed by the decision makers who perceive an approximate model of the circumstances, choosing from a limited list of subjective alternatives. Some choices are given weight and others are relegated to the background, thus large segments of reality are out of focus (Feehan, 2013). Simon (1956) recognising the limits of comprehensive rationality, posited the concept of ‘satisficing', that members will choose the first alternative that is deemed to adequately meet the organisation's objectives rather than taking the time to survey all possible alternatives and find ing the optimal choice.This satisficing alternative will meet the minimal satisfactory requirements. Linblom's ‘Muddling Through' theory (1959) was one of the first to recognise the role of politics in strategic decision-making. Linblom refers to the comprehensive rational model mentioned above, as a ‘root' approach to decision-making where the process begins with the fundamentals, always starting from the ground up. This means-end analysis requires that values are clarified in advance of examining alternatives. He posits a ‘branch method' of incremental comparisons as a more suitable method for complex problems.Here, the decision-making process begins in the current situation, building out with incremental changes. Lindblom argues that the organisation and individuals may hold conflicting values which only become clear after the fact. A good outcome is therefore, not the optimal one but one that is agreed upon by all players. These theories highlight both the limi ts of rationality and the importance of context in strategic decision-making. Unlike many other decisions, strategic decisions are made in an organisational context where the reaction of the players affects the outcome.This view of organisations not as rational optimisers but ‘satisficers' resonates with the author's experiences. Having owned my own business I understand due to time constraints, working memory limits and finite funding levels, it is not possible to make decisions in a perfectly rational fashion. There will always be alternatives you (the organisation) had not considered, preferences you have that may be conflicting, and choices that cannot be made due to disagreements among stakeholders.This is not to say that the strategic decisions cannot be rational – they can but only boundedly so. It is important, in my view, to approach these significant and complex decisions in a systematic manner when possible. However in a dynamic world, where business is borde rless and technology is advancing at an ever increasing rate, I would question the utility of this approach. Context is key. Political decision-making model The political model of decision-making presents a compelling case against the possibility of perfect rationality in strategy formation and implementation.In fact, according to Clegg (2012, p. 267) the biggest enemy of rationality is the power and politics that are inscribed in every organisational decision. The division of an organisation into separate departments, encourages political activity between them as they compete for scarce resources (Pettigrew, 1973). Coalitions are formed around a perceived affinity of interests, with the ultimate aim being to accrue enough power to influence the decision-making process. It is out of this struggle for power that decisions emerge.Strategic decisions are particularly likely to stimulate political actions because they are complex, significant, and subject to uncertainty. There may be mu ch to gain/lose for each of the players from both a material and reputational point of view (Child, Elbanna ; Rodrigues, 2010). Take for example, an organisation such as a hospital. It is pluralistic in nature, often experiencing conflict between departments, staff subcultures and rifts between administrative staff and departments.Imagine as part of a cost containment strategy, it is decided after rational analysis, that the optimal alternative is to reduce wage costs by 20%. The highly paid consultants and lower paid floor staff will be pitted against each other, each protecting their own self-interests. The cost cutting strategy may have to be adapted in order to appease the players. As this example conveys, it is out of differences in self-interests that conflict rises (Eisenhardt ; Zbaracki, 1992). Research has consistently found organisational decision-making to be political in nature.A study of nine international corporations found that they were political systems comprised of a myriad of coalitions and groups (Quinn,1980 in Child et. al 2010). Pettigrew (1972) observed a scenario where established computer analysts conflicted with a newer team of analysts over which IT system their company should invest in. A member of the established coalition of analysts acted as gatekeeper, using his role to control the flow of information to top management whilst communicating negatively about his opponents ideas at the same time.This resulted in management deciding to take his advice. Another often cited example of the political decision-making model the Cuban Missile Crisis (Clegg et al 2011; Child et al 2010). Garbage Can Model The garbage can model of decision making offers an alternative insight into strategic decision-making in organisations. Here, the organisation is described as a loose collection of already-made solutions, waiting for new decision opportunities to be applied. Contrary to the assumptions of the rational model, decision making in these organi sed anarchies is not an orderly, linear process.The ambiguity is due to the radical instability of three premises – preferences, technology (know-how, techniques ; equipment) and participation. Decision-making occurs when the right problem arises and the right people are receptive to it's solution. These variables are coupled temporally, by chance, rather than consequentially by rational calculation (Rainey, Ronquillo & Avellaneda, 2010). The garbage can model differs from the rational and political models as it conveys the role of chance in the decision-making process.Decisions are not arrived at through boundedly rational analysis, nor are they negotiated by the interactions of coalitions. Instead, they are the random result of the convergence of problems and solutions at a particular point in time. This is not to say that this model is intended to replace rational decision-making, rather it's purpose is to supplement it (Rainey et. al 2010). Not all decision making situati ons are organised chaos, neither are they all rational. Many organisations in the public sector serve as examples of the garbage can model of decision-making.Many policy-making decisions for example, are imprecise and vague in nature with no defined goals attached. Participants in the public sector decision making process are prone to change – board members, consultants and even governmental parties are likely to change during the course of the decision-making process. Rational decision-making then, is problematic for making the predictions about the future preferences and consequences when formulating strategy. The human cognitive system will simply not allow us to consider all possible alternative solutions to any given problem.This assertion highlights the importance of brainstorming and group work in order to generate possible alternatives that we, ourselves, may not have thought of. Even taking this into account however, it is doubtful that an exhaustive list of all even tualities would be arrived at. Groupthink and politics are also likely to factor into the equation. Furthermore, even if rational decision-making were possible, it may not be even be the ideal. It does not allow for the input of emotional intelligence and ethical considerations which are often required in the decision-making process.How then can the business of today ensure they are making adequate decisions when formulating and implementing strategy? Organisational learning has been posited as an alternative view to organisations as decision-makers. Organisations are seen as learning by encoding inferences from experiences which are then used to direct behaviour (Levitt ; March, 1988). Organisations adapt to changes in the environment, storing data in it's repository to be drawn on later. References Clegg, S. , Carter, C. , Kornberger, M. amp; Schweitzer, J. (2011) Strategy: Theory & Practice. London : Sage. Child, J. Elbanna, S. & Rodrigues, S. . (2010). The Political Aspects of S trategic Decision Making. In: Nutt, P. C. & Wilson, D. C. Handbook of Decision Making. Sussex: Wiley. 105-138. Eisenhardt, K. M. & Zbaracki, M. J. (1992). Strategic Decision-making. Strategic Management Journal 13, pp. 17-37. Feehan, M. (2013) Organisation & Strategy Slides. IPA Moodle. Accessed on 21/01/2013. Levitt, B. & March, J.G. (1988). Organizational Learning Annual Review of Sociology. 14, pp. 319-340 Linblom, C. E. (1959). ‘The Science of Muddling Through. ‘ Public Administration Review 19 , 2. pp. 79-88. Pettigrew, A. M. (1973) The Politics of Organizational Decision Making. London: Tavistock Pettigrew, A. M. (1972) Information control as a power resource, Sociology, 6, 187–204. Santos, M.. V & Garcia, M. T. (2006) Managers’ opinions:reality or fiction. A narrative approach. Management Decision 44, 6. pp 752-770.

Brant Case Analysis

CASE: BRANT FREEZER COMPANY Question 1: When comparing performance during the first five months of 2004 with performance in 2003, which warehouse shows the most improvement? St. Louis is the only one showing any improvement, using cost per unit shipped as the performance criterion. The cost for the first five months of 2003 was $9. 97 and for the first five months of 2004, it fell to $9. 07. Question 2: When comparing performance during the first five months of 2004 with performance in 2003, which warehouse shows the poorest change in performance?The worst change is the company’s own warehouse (located in Fargo), where costs per unit shipped increased 31%. Among the public warehouses used, Denver was the worst in terms of cost per unit handled. It is also the most expensive public warehouse that Brant uses. Question 3: When comparisons are made among all eight warehouses, which one do you think does the best job for the Brant Company? What criteria did you use? Why? Using the cost per unit handled criterion, St.Louis does the best job, closely followed by Chicago. Question 4: J. Q. is aggressive and is going to recommend that his father cancel the contract with one of the warehouses and give that business to a competing warehouse in the same city. J. Q. feels that when word of this gets around, the other warehouses they use will â€Å"shape up. † Which of the seven should J. Q. recommend be dropped? Why? Denver has the lowest volume and highest unit costs among all the public warehouses used.In addition, it had been closed by a strike which must have inconvenienced the Brant Company. It may be that the warehouse workers’ unions are strong in the Denver area. J. Q. should probably check out rates and productivity measures of other Denver warehouses before deciding to drop its current warehouse there. Question 5: The year 2004 is nearly half over. J. Q. is told to determine how much the firm is likely to spend for warehousing at each of the e ight warehouses for the last six months of 2004.Do his work for him. There is not enough information to do a very precise forecast. J. Q. assumes that the proportion of costs occurring during the first five months of 2003 should be in the same proportion in 2004. (1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (4) Warehouse location| % 2003 costs occurring in first five months| Actual costs for first five months of 2004 ($)| Projected total costs in 2004 ($)| Projected costs in the last six months of 2004 ($)| Atlanta| 22. 88| 40,228| 175,822| 116,204|Boston| 44. 00| 29,416| 66,885| 32,085| Chicago| 53. 43| 141,222| 264,312| 105,556| Denver| 35. 00| 14,900| 42,571| 23,714| Fargo| 54. 00| 9,605| 17,787| 7,012| Los Angeles| 72. 20| 93,280| 129,197| 30,781| Portland| 49. 30| 42,616| 86,442| 37,559| St. Louis| 44. 80| 19,191| 42,837| 20,265| The p rojected costs in 2004 (column 3) are calculated by dividing the actual costs for the first five months of 2004 (column 2) by the percent of 2003 costs that occurred in the first five months (column 1).For example, Atlanta’s actual 2004 costs of $40,228 divided by 2003’s 22. 88% yields projected 2004 costs of approximately $175,822. The projected costs in the last six months of 2004 (column 4) are calculated by subtracting the actual costs for the first five months of 2004 (column 2) from 2004’s projected total costs (column 3). This gives us the projected costs for the last seven months of 2004. However, we are only interested in the last six months of 2004, so this number is multiplied by 6/7, or . 857.Continuing with Atlanta, 2004’s projected total costs of $175,822 minus the first five months’ actual costs of $40,228 equals $135,394. Multiplying this by 6/7 yields projected six months’ costs of approximately $116,204. Question 6: When co mparing 2003 figures with the 2004 figures shown in Exhibit 13-A, the amount budgeted for each warehouse in 2004 was greater than actual 2003 costs. How much of the increase is caused by increased volume of business (units shipped) and how much by inflation? There are several ways to approach this question.One involves calculating the volume difference and inflation difference for each warehouse, as follows: Volume difference = 2003 unit costs x (2004 units shipped – 2003 units shipped) Inflation difference = 2004 units shipped x (2004 unit costs – 2003 unit costs) For example, Atlanta’s volume and inflation differences are: Volume difference: $8. 99 x (18,000 – 17,431) = $8. 99 x 569 = $5,115 Inflation difference: 18,000 x ($9. 97 – $8. 99) = 18,000 x $. 98 = $17,640 Question 7: Prepare the firm’s 2005 warehousing budget, showing for each warehouse the anticipated number of units to be shipped and the costs.Again, this can be done in severa l ways. One is to assume that the 2004 to 2005 increases will be exactly the same amount as the 2003 to 2004 increases (with units shipped rounded to the nearest hundred, and costs rounded to the nearest $500). This would yield the following results: Warehouse location| Differences in units shipped b/w 2003 and 2004| Units shipped  in 2004| Projected units shipped in 2005| Difference in warehouse costs b/w 2003 and 2004 ($)| Warehouse costs in 2004 ($)| Projected warehouse costs in 2005 ($)| Atlanta| 600| 18,000| 18,600| 21,000| 178,000| 199,000| Boston| 300| 7,200| 7,500| 9,500| 73,000| 82,500|Chicago| 1,900| 30,000| 31,900| 38,500| 285,000| 323,500| Denver| 100| 3,100| 3,200| 3,000| 31,000| 34,000| Fargo| 0| 2,000| 2,000| 500| 17,000| 17,500| Los Angeles| 500| 17,000| 17,500| 24,000| 176,000| 200,000| Portland| 700| 9,000| 9,700| 12,000| 85,000| 97,000| St. Louis| 2,100| 8,000| 10,100| 4,000| 56,000| 60,000| Another method would use percentage changes. Question 8: While attendin g classes at the university, J.Q. had learned of logistics partnerships. Should Brant Freezer Company attempt to enter into a partnership relationship with these warehouses? If so, what approach should it use? Assuming that a partnership approach was to be used, Brant would have to think of some sort of sharing of potential risks and profits. Offhand, the case does not provide much information to go on, other than cost containment or reduction is an issue.

Using evidence from at least 3 domains critically evaluate the extent Essay

Using evidence from at least 3 domains critically evaluate the extent to which evolutionary psychology provides an adequate explanation of human behaviour - Essay Example 250). While other theories on human behaviour can explain some types of behaviours better than evolutionary psychology, this branch of study has credibility through understanding that the adaptive traits that are exhibited in human beings are part of a process that can explain all aspects of behaviour from an historic, and prehistoric perspective of viewing the natural adaptive development of the human species. In order to examine the effectiveness in evolutionary psychology in explaining human behaviour, universal conditions can be examined for the common responses that are seen within the species. Using evolutionary psychology as a way of understanding attraction behaviours, for instance, reveals that men and women find each other attractive based on attributes that promote the survival of the species. Women will find men with resources more attractive, while men will find physical attraction, which is associated with good health and child bearing potential, a more important attribute in potential mates (Keil & Wilson, 2001, p. 751). Part of understanding evolutionary psychology requires an understanding that the behaviours that are present within the human species are directed towards specific adaptive purposes. Vuchinich and Heather (2003) argue that addiction behaviours are the result of an evolved psychological mechanism that has been shifted in the process of drug dependence (p. 251 ). This type of exaptation allows the researcher to examine the underlying cause of the responses that an addict will have to addiction seeking stimuli. Finally, looking at the example of aggression allows for the exploration of a set of behaviours that are typically tied to responses that are more blatantly tied to evoked responses. The frustration-aggression hypothesis postulated by Dollard suggests that when faced with a frustrating stimuli that would instigate the behaviour of aggression, a

Ethical Responsibilities of Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Responsibilities of Australia - Essay Example Television journalists are also the personalities seen on TV who report on sports, weather, and current events for local and even international television stations (â€Å"TV Journalist†, n.d.). They must have the capacity to think fast and improvise if needed because most of the time, the television journalists are broadcasted live on TV. In a study conducted by Nankervis (2005) in Australia, the television newsroom hirers want to recruit journalists that are â€Å"thinkers with inquiring minds.† They want to hire those who have â€Å"old-fashioned† skills of breaking news not covered in another place (Nankervis, 2005). According to Nankervis (2005), television journalists should have the drive for news, ambition and the confidence. But behind the faces aired on television for reports or news, the personalities are bound to fulfil their job responsively. How can television journalists be said to have complied with their responsibilities? What are the responsibili ties of the journalists? In Australia, most of the media journalists are members of the Australian Journalist Association (AJA), a division of Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance (MEAA) (â€Å"Journalist Code of Ethics†, n.d.). The members of the association are required to obey to the code of ethics (â€Å"Journalist Code of Ethics†, n.d). ... They give a practical form to freedom of expression. Many journalists work in private enterprise, but all have these public responsibilities. They scrutinise power, but also exercise it, and should be accountable. Accountability engenders trust. Without trust, journalists do not fulfil their public responsibilities. MEAA members engaged in journalism commit themselves to Honesty Fairness Independence Respect for the rights of others Australian Journalism Association also commit to obey their Guidance Clause which states that: Basic values often need interpretation and sometimes come into conflict. Ethical journalism requires conscientious decision-making in context. Only substantial advancement of the public interest or risk of substantial harm to people allows any standard to be overridden. Giving information to the public such as news or current affairs, the journalists have the responsibility to comply with the legal and ethical responsibilities of the profession. There are instan ces that television journalist are prosecuted by the concerned or affected members of the society who feel that the media journalists libelled them publicly. Thus it is the responsibility of the television journalists to familiarize with the existing code of ethics and media law where the journalists practice the profession. It is the responsibility of the journalists to know what lines they should not cross because there comes a time that the journalists may offend some people but should make sure that they did not violate any law. With the Code of Ethics guiding the Australian journalists including the television journalists, the journalists are restricted to pursue their own political agendas. They must not alter the truth. They should ensure fairness at all times. Their reports

How did Syria got impacted the Middle-East and especially Turkey Research Paper

How did Syria got impacted the Middle-East and especially Turkey - Research Paper Example The World Food Programme offers monthly food donations to about 4 million people who are victims of the civil conflict in the region (â€Å"World Food Programme† 1). Moreover, other humanitarian agencies offers clean drinking water to about 1.1 million people in Syria (â€Å"Government of Canada† 1). Notably, most of the countries in the Middle East region are downstream riparian states and have scarce water resources and hence the continued debate and conflict on water issues in this region (â€Å"The Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs† 1). Ideally, agriculture accounted for about 25 percent of gross domestic product in this region and hence the water shortage is hindering efforts to maintain economic growth in this region (Williams 1). The water conflict is equally a source of tension as many countries including Syria seek to increase its political dominance where it competes for the water resources with Turkey, Iraq, and Israel. Analysis shows that Turkey is likely to face water shortages in the near future although it presently has significant water resources (â€Å"The Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs† 2). As a result, of the crisis there have been continued debates and efforts geared towards addressing the Syrian crisis. In the meantime, many Syrians fled the violence in their country and took refuge in Turkey, Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, and Iraq (â€Å"World Food Programme† 1). Indeed, about 2.2 million Syrians are refugees in these countries, which further strain the infrastructure, food security, and water supply in this region. Additionally, more countries including the U.S are still offering the refugees agencies a leeway to settle more refugees and conflict victims in Syria thus influencing the social and economic aspects in Syria. However, as we expect the need for humanitarian aid to increase in Syria over the next few years, there is international pressure on the Syrian president, Bashar al-Assad, to remove bar riers to the delivery of humanitarian assistance in Syria (Cumming-Bruce 1). Saudi Arabia has been opposing the Syrian government and continuously calls for action against Syrian President Assad (â€Å"BBC NEWS† 1). On the other hand, Iran has been supporting Syria and criticizes any international action on the current crisis in Syria. Nevertheless, although Iraq is less significant to Syria, it opposes any US military action in Syria and hosts a significant number of refugees from Syria. Conversely, Israel does not offer its public opinion on the Syrian crisis but warns other nations into dragging Israel into the conflict and assert its readiness to deal with the crisis if the civil war extends to Israel (â€Å"BBC NEWS† 1). Additionally, Qatar supports the proposed military action on Syria while Egypt opposes any military action without the authorization of the UN (â€Å"BBC NEWS† 1). Jordan supports limited military action in Syria upon proving the use of che mical weapons in Syria by the US Congress (â€Å"BBC NEWS† 1). Indeed, Jordan hosts refugees from Syria and therefore opposes any international intervention that would cause civilian casualties. The Jordan government advocates for a political settlement to the Syrian crisis (â€Å"BBC NEWS† 1). Nevertheless, some people believe that in 2013, Jordan facilitated the supply of weapons to rebel fighters in southern Syria (â€Å"

Maybelline new york Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Maybelline new york - Essay Example Originally, the mascara from Maybelline came in black color only because it was targeted at giving the eyelashes darker fuller look. Today, variety in terms of color has become an important and unique feature of the Maybelline Cake Mascara. The variety that exists with the colors actually forms what I like most about the company’s product. As far as fashion and quality dimensions are concerned, it can be said that there is so much justification and validity with the having different colors for the mascara. This is because as people adorn different types and colors of clothing, they have become aesthetically concerned with having matches for their clothing by way of how most other parts of their bodies appear, including their hair, eyebrows, and lately eye lashes. From every indication, Maybelline has taken fashion to the next level and this level is the dynamism with which conformation and harmony can be achieved through

Intimate Partner Violence Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Intimate Partner Violence - Thesis Example Intimate partner violence has become one of the major issues causing women to develop significant unfavorable effects observed with the physical, mental, emotional, and psychological well-being of these women. For health workers who are often called to manage the health of these abused partners, knowledge and skills are very much needed in order to assist these abused partners. According to the Centers for Disease Control, intimate partner violence (IPV) is violence which usually â€Å"occurs between two people in a close relationship†. Intimate partner in this case includes current and former spouses as well as dating partners. This type of violence is observed as a single and as continuing episodes of violence. It also covers different types of behavior including physical violence, sexual violence, threats, and emotional abuse. Physical violence occurs when one partner hurts or tries to hurt his or her partner by hitting, kicking, slapping, or inflicting other types of physical injuries on the partner. Threats include physical or sexual violence with the use of words, weapons, gestures or other tools of communication. Finally, emotional abuse involves threatening a partner or his or her possessions or loved ones or harming them and their self-worth. Examples may include stalking, intimidation, or preventing one from contacting or seeing his or her family and/or friends. This violence may later escalate to physical or sexual assaults, sometimes with growing frequency and severity.

Global Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Global Study - Assignment Example (Blair) Africa has now become a politically stable land that now produces a humongous supply of natural resources including gold, copper, diamonds and oil. The investment that came along with Chinese colonialism has provided African-government owned companies a firm footing and grip over their homeland. Zambia for example houses over 100,000 Chinese expatriates who have ultimately boosted up its economy. Beijing has gained control of mines here along with textile factories in Lesotho, railways in Uganda and timber in Central African Republic. China has targeted Africa as it is the sole competitor in front of Saudi Arab and Iraq who already have been influenced by Western power. Although the government of Africa is joyous at the new agreements with China which will increase economy and provide political stability to the land, yet the independence movements strongly condemns Chinese interference in the continent. Central African Republic or CAR has been unstable since its independence from French colonialism in 1960 and has suffered various coups. The Seleka rebel alliance has resulted in destroying the country’s infrastructure. The Muslims in CAR experience disasters each day caused be violence committed by anti-balaka movement comprising of Christians and animists. This party emerged against Seleka movement. International peacekeeping bodies have taken measures against violence in CAR. UN Security Council approved resolution in 2014 deploying ten thousand peacekeepers in CAR. (Relations) In November 2014, the anti-balaka group declared to lay down its arms to pursue political action. But still thousands are killed every day and all precautionary steps go to

Essay 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 10

1 - Essay Example Today, my community regards me as a better soccer player. I can trace my perfection in soccer to good mentorship, talent, and consistent practice. This narrative will demonstrate just how mentorship, talent, exposure, and practice can cause a player to become a better soccer player. My parents and I realized my talent and interest in soccer at the most crucial time that allowed for dedicated training, support, and perfection of my skills. My parents usually narrate to me how I had immense love for soccer balls at a tender age, which played a major part in convincing them that I may have a talent and interest in soccer. My parents bought me several soccer balls and I would even try to make some using polythene papers. At two years of age, I was already gazing a pictures of people playing soccer and kicking balls in my room where soccer balls were some of the toys that I loved. While I was joining kindergarten my parents informed my teachers about my love for soccer where the teachers helped me to nature my talent from an early age. When I gained the capacity to read, I demonstrated my interest in soccer by reading soccer magazines and identifying with popular soccer players. My colleagues at the elementary school nicknamed me Ronaldo. I zeroed in on captivating soccer pullouts, hung magazines, and newspaper cuttings related to soccer in my small room. My parents supported my quest by buying me soccer magazines. With time, I started practicing some of the soccer skills defined in the soccer magazines. The soccer magazines enhanced my knowledge on playing skills, soccer literacy, and detailed information on soccer as a professional sport. I learnt about coaches, rules, players, levels of competition, financial benefits, physical benefits, and FIFA from the soccer magazines. I have been practicing the lessons derived from the soccer magazines in my entire life, which has helped me to perfect my soccer knowledge and skills. Ever since I realized my dream and

Population of the country Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Population of the country - Research Paper Example This paper explores reasons for that. Before the start of the industrial revolution, the CBR and CDR in Canada were both high. The high rate of births can be attributed to the fact that more children went into the work of farming whereas families needed a greater number of children to be able to sustain because of the high rate of deaths. The high death rate can be attributed to the fact that the health and safety conditions of the society were not good. People suffered from different kinds of diseases and lacked hygiene. However, there was a stability in the high CBR and CDR which played a role in slow growth of the population. The CDR did increase dramatically with occasional epidemics for some years. The drop in the CDR in Canada around the mid-18th century is explained by improvement that occurred in the areas of medicine and sanitation. Despite the decline of the CDR, the CBR continued to remain high because of tradition as well as practice. As a result of the declined CDR but sustained CBR, population growth in Canada skyrocketed. Over the passage of time, children in the families became an extra cause of expenditure and were not in the position to help the family run the finances. As a result of that, the CBR in Canada started to decline in the 20th century with the use of advances in the birth control. By the 20th century, the condition of health and safety and the medical facilities for people in Canada were much better than what they were before the start of the industrial revolution. People used the newly found methods of birth control effective in reducing the rate of birth. Although there still occurred rapid growth of population in the 20th century in Canada yet the g rowth of population began to happen at a slower pace. The CBR and CDR both leveled off in the late 20th century at a low rate in Canada. Much of the growth in population

Regulation of Muscle Hypertrophy Essay Example for Free

Regulation of Muscle Hypertrophy Essay Our skeletal muscles make up 40-50% of our total mass and are essential for all humans to move, breath, and stand up straight. For the first 20 years of our lives and for those physically active after our muscles are continually growing. Satellite cells are responsible for this growth in our skeletal muscle and are referred to as muscle stem cells. When skeletal muscle cells are traumatized due to physical trauma or disease the regeneration process includes three general processes, destruction, regeneration and remodeling. What regulates these three processes? How are they signaled to initiate the cell cycle and what nutrients and systems do they require to carry out the processes of regeneration and growth†? Muscle regeneration is a daily occurrence for almost animals. The complex systems involved in regenerating the organ system that makes up over 40% of our bodies need to communicate properly, understanding how this is done can open doors for recreational and medical opportunities. Main Point: Understanding the regulation of muscle hypertrophy requires an understanding of satellite cells (SC), the environment they reside in (niche) and the growth factors that stimulate and inhibit their activation. Sub Point: Satellite Cells lie in a specific niche that allows them to remain inactive until needed, residing between the sarcolemma and basal membrane of muscle cells (myofibrils). One side of the cell is attached to the basal membrane by two factors. First, the satellite cell has a layer of integrin alpha7beta1 which lies on the side where growth factors and inhibitors from the vasculature, autocrine and motor neuron systems can be received to signal an active or inactive state. Anchoring the satellite cell and its layer of integrin to the basal membrane are laminin, creating a selectively permeable membrane. On the opposite side where the satellite cell resides in a small recess on the myofibril, the satellite cell is attached to the sarcolemma by M-cadherine. On the myofibril side the satellite cell receives signals from the immune system and the myocyte nucleus. The location of SCs allows signals to be sent from multiple systems, such as Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is secreted from the Extracellular Matrix (ECM). (Kralaki, Fili, Philippou Koutserilieris. 2009). Satellite cell structure is somewhat unique because for the most part of their existence in a healthy body they are quiescent or inactive. Because of their mostly dormant stages they have few organelles and an abundance of cytoplasm (Kralaki, Fili, Philippou Koutserilieris. 2009). Also noted is the higher concentration of satellite cells near neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) as well as a higher concentration near slow twitch muscle fibers compared to fast twitch fibers. The reason for these concentrations is currently unknown. Lastly, muscle cell concentration dramatically decreases after birth and decreases further through age. In mice it was shown that after birth satellite cells accounted for 30% of sublaminar muscle nuclei and at the age of 2 months that number has shrunk to less than 5%, showing that satellite cells play in important role in early generation of muscles and limbs (Kuang, Gillespie Rudnicki, 2012). Sub Point: Satellite Cells are activated by growth factors (MGFs) when muscles are damaged. There are many systems known and suspected of influencing SC activation and deactivation. Some include the vascular system, the immune system, the neuromuscular system, the autocrine system, and finally the myocyte nucleus. Most of the activation is influenced by the immune system after a muscle cell has been damaged. Once traumatized, Necrophils and Macrophages of the immune system migrate to the site of damage and phagocyte the damaged muscle cell material while releasing growth factors to activate quiescent SCs. At the same time the growth factors stored in the extra cellular matrix, vascular systems, and myocyte nuclei are also released after muscle injury. Examples of the growth factors released by all of these systems are HGF, IGF-1, and IGF-2. These factors bind to satellite cells and initiate SC migration to the damaged cite and start the mitotic cell cycle. Research regarding migration of satellite cells to damaged sites is in its early stages of understanding, what seems to be agreed upon is that factors released from the ECM, immune system, and muscle cells affect the migration of SCs to damaged sites. One factor, TGF-beta, which is released by the immune system is thought to directly attract satellite cells to damaged areas as experiments with a TGF-beta antibody extract reduced SC migration (Griffin, 2009). Activated SCs express MyoD and Myf5 (Broek, Gregte Hoff, 2010). The up regulation of these two factors is evident in every initially activated SC. There are more than 20 different chemo reactants being studied that are known to somehow affect SC migration (Griffin, 2009). Sub Point: SCs proliferate and rebuild at the site of damaged myofibrils. a. SC enter the cell cycle when activated, creating both unspecified stem cells and myofiber specific cells which fuse with existing cells to bridge and fill the damaged area. (Ciciliot Schiaffino, 2010) b. M-cadherin attaches SCs to a myofiber, which is crucial for cell-to-cell fusion and proliferation c. 8 key growth factors are known to stimulate and inhibit the processes of muscle cell regeneration. (Broek, Gregte Hoff, 2010) Conclusion: Current research has yielded information about the regulatory proteins and hormones that trigger satellite cells and immune responses to either inhibit or activate muscle hypertrophy. The knowledge associated with what turns on and off specific systems of muscle cell activity advances medical solutions to muscle atrophy and recreational solutions to body building and general muscle health. Future research could yield treatments that alleviate various diseases associated with muscle failure and degeneration as well as advancements in sports medicine and injury rehabilitation.

Example Answers for Marketing Management Exam Paper

Example Answers for Marketing Management Exam Paper 5. Identify and describe some problems and challenges to marketing managers in relation to change and innovation. Critically discuss the links between strategic marketing management and the change environment with particular reference to Levitts (1960) seminal article Marketing Myopia. In the marketing context, change brought about by economic recession, disruptive technologies usage and privation can all affect the stability of market environment (Sirmon, Hitt and Ireland, 2007). Global economy is accelerating at a fast rate giving way to competitive risks and opportunities. Therefore, effective strategic planning is incumbent that could help marketers to survive and improve their company performance in turbulent environments (Ireland and Hitt, 2005). Change environment and strategic marketing management: Strategic management involves the role played by managers to align business organization with changing environment. Mostly business organizations are being regulated on narrow vision, therefore in order to bring about change and innovation, the corporate vision of organization must be reexamined to define markets in a broader context. This was the crux of Levitts article marketing myopia, i.e. marketers focus on the products instead of customer. According to him the environmental change is not a major contributor in the problems faced by industries rather it is the constricted stance of their marketing managers or decision makers. It is basically the failure linked with the top managements inability to cope with the business beyond the narrow confines of conventional production procedures. False myths like prediction of an avid market share due to increase in population, absence of substitutes and total reliance on mass production lead to marketing myopia. Approach of the marketers should be customer centric rather than product centric as Levitt has rightfully given the example of Henry Ford, the founder of Ford Motors who adopted the strategy to lessen cost price of cars to attract more customers. Technology cannot always guarantee successful market outcomes therefore sometimes firms have to give away their personal profits to gain long term market survival. The strategic marketing management and its interaction with the firms environment play a vital moderating role. As both components are regarded dynamic, it is less frequent that the firms succumb to the tendencies of marketing myopia. Contrary to that if the marketing environment is static, myopic stance is inevitable and the firm will have to suffer the consequences. For avoiding myopia, a firm will have to adjust with the changing market demands (Lichtenthal, and Iyer, 2003). Presentation1JJ.bmp Table: Typology of firm-environment links To deal with the change environment, firms can develop new strategies with the aid of Mckinsey 7S Model that have the tendency to foresee hard factors (e.g. systems, structure) and soft factors (like culture, education level of employees, shared values etc). The method is also helpful for merger and acquisition (Egner, 2009). mckinsey-7s-model-software_business___productivity_barcode_software-31759-screenshot.gif Hard Elements Soft Elements Strategy Structure Systems Shared Values Skills Style Staff 2. What are competencies and capabilities? Argue the importance of a marketing manager assessing business competencies and capabilities in the fulfillment of corporate and marketing objectives. Use examples of competences and capabilities to illustrate your answer. Competencies and capabilities: These concepts of strategic management refer to the ability of a business organization to provide the services being promised to potential clients. Both are interrelated but differ in their applicability in the marketing context. Competencies might be regarded as the skills possessed by a firm on which the marketing manager or retailer can make strategic decisions. These can be brought about by providing high level customer service or skills like utilization of modern technology by the marketing company. An example of competencies could be the CRM initiatives of the real estate firm, Barratt Developments PLC. Capabilities are reflected through the business organizations actual behavior encompassing the ability of the firm to expand its resource base in order to attain competitive advantage in the market. They can be judged on the basis of firms values, resources and processes (e.g. communication and decision making pattern). Importance of marketing manager: Every business organization possesses some core competencies that are required to be critically evaluated for proper market functioning in coming years. Therefore, managers of a business organization should start developing and planning strategies to achieve these competencies beforehand. For example with the wide scale implementation of the e-tailing concept, maintaining and designing of a website could be the competence that is deemed crucial for success among competitors (Sullivan and Adcock, 2002, p. 323). Skills can be bought in the retail sector yet the onset of developing skills is regarded a better option. Resources and skills for example the retail staff human resources should be honed into the capability for providing a service at a specific marketing level. According to Kotler (1997) for delivering satisfaction to the clients, a good marketing manager should be able to determine the needs for customer satisfaction and express them through organizations capabilities. By strategically investing in resources, development of capability and competencies should be planned by the marketing managers in relation to the marketing objectives set forth by the firm based on the knowledge of current business environment and strategies that are possible to execute. Although development of competencies and capabilities are sometimes difficult to control, managers must predict the future requirements by taking into account current needs (Sullivan and Adcock, 2002, p. 323).

Effect of Market Structures on Business

Effect of Market Structures on Business Market Structure Introduction There are diverse categorizations of markets and the structure of a business which denotes in which categorization it will descend into. Markets are separated as per to the business what it offers to the precise market. Structure of Business is established by the composition of market characteristics, and these aids to establish level and region of competition. The features in a market with the majority concentrated center on the numeral of purchasers and retailers, plane in which a product has a substitute, entry and exit easiness price, and the elevation of common dependence. These constituted variables are categorized in the subsequent market structures: perfectly competitive markets, monopolistically competitive markets, monopolies, and oligopolies (Colander, 2010). This paper is going away to talk about regarding the variety of market structures that will assist the local mayor recognize the structures of the several businesses in the city. Market structures Consecutively to recognize the diverse market structures, every structure requires being defined and discussed. The primary structure to be conversed is about perfect competition. This is a perfect structure that does not actually subsist in the real market, however; is used as a hypothetical model to evaluate additional structures to. Perfect competition is prominent for its elastic demand perfectly curves. Goods Price is like that the firm will simply construct normal profits (zero economic profits) in the extensive run. There is open entry and exit into the market in a market of perfect competition. Instances of a perfectly competitive market would be gas and milk. There might be a lot of suppliers of products, and if one dealer desires to raise their price superior than the price the market establishes, consumers will go away somewhere else to acquire the thing in need. Additional traits could comprise: no barriers of entry and exit, profit maximization, zero costs of transaction , homogeneous products, and ideal factor mobility.Devoid of the restraints of exiting and entering the market fresh businesses will not have an effect on the homogenous product market. At a clearing price of market a firm would be competent to put up for sale as much merchandise as it prefers while creating a profit. This might denote that there is equilibrium of market. With standard revenue superior to average cost the curve of demand will continue to be elastic. A monopolistically competitive market can be described as having a abundant amount of equally manufacturers and customers, customer’s inclinations for buying products is recognized; endurance in this locale consists of the seller endeavoring to differentiate specific products from competitors. A monopolistically competitive market might continue restrictions with entry and exit, the market is fundamentally assorted in nature, and a market of this might direct to the enhancement of non-price competition. Monopolistic Competition elucidates an industry compiled of a huge number of sellers. Each one of these sellers tenders a distinguished product, which is a service or good that has genuine or expected traits that are diverse from those of additional goods or services.[ Amacher (2011)] This is to pronounce that the similar product is being tendered even though it is revealed to be enhanced or better to the competitor products. A big example of this might be gas stations. Althoug h Chevron and Texaco are revealed as having better fuel owing to the cleaning additives owned inside the fuel, Aragon, Shell, and also Costco tender fuels with the similar quantity of detergency at a lesser price. The subsequent market structure is of an oligopoly. Oligopoly is a structure market that manages a product and is controlled by a minute number of firms that operate on one’s behalf. Prices positioned on products by each firm comprised are close up to matching since if one firm endeavors to alter the price, this will source further firms to do the similar thing. A major characteristic of a market structure of oligopolistic in the industry is the mutual dependence of firms. The function that oligopoly participates in the economy is that if the firm slashes prices, then further competing firms will counterpart the reductions of price. If the firm increases its prices of its goods, then further firms will not counterpart the price raise. There are only some different firms in an oligopoly market that powers 90% or of the market. Airline industries are a big instance of this. A number of further instances of this would be companies of cell phone in addition to companies that might form an alliance like the industry of oil. A monopoly comprises of a firm that has the throttlehold on a market. Any firm that has a structure of monopoly will have the majority control over price for its goods. The firms that function in competitive structures will have no power above their prices. Management of Price is when a firm has the capability to direct the products prices. Ownership of Public is not ordinary in monopolies and there are no takers of price. A monopolist makes certain the price for a product or service will certainly add to profits.There is no suitable alternate in this market to the merchandise being offered. Even though one may think that a product may perhaps be sold at any price enviable, which is not the case. Monopolies will in actual fact determine the rate that sells the majority products at an enviable rate. This lets the monopoly to maintain probable competitors out of the ring while making profit above the long-run. One instance of this would be utility company. Although there are no substitutes for customers, the government strides in and offers regulation of price to make certain that rates stay reasonably priced. It is in the paramount interest of the monopoly to stay rational, consequently conservation of the business. The Deutsche Telekom Company in Germany became tremendously avaricious with their phone service. The government strides in and separated the company initially backed by the government into 6 new subsidiary companies. Deutsche Telekom lost their grip on the power of monopoly that they owned. Market structure Real-life example A local market structureof a real-life example is the bakeries in the city. Even though there are 3 bakeries to select from, they all seize alike prices and the products are substitutable crosswise one another. This is an instance of a monopolistic competition. The market can with no trouble be moved in and out of and every firm is contending to sell the similar product as if it is superior or unique to the other. High entry barriers High end barriers renders to the subsistence of elevated start-up costs or additional hindrances that avert fresh competitors from effortlessly entering a region of business or industry. Barriers to entry benefit existing companies previously working in an industry since they guard an instituted companys revenues and profits from being carved away by fresh competitors. (Investopedia, 2013) An instance of this barrier would be a Credit Union. Consecutively to approach into the banking business, there requires being a considerable backing of cash together with the building capital, security systems, a vault, and the capability to contend on the open exchange market. In addition the capital barrier those positions in the means of such a business, there are as well official restrictions inflicted by the government. In additional firms such as in avionics, there are intellectual property and patent laws rights that might position as a high end barrier. Competitive pressures With high barriers of entry a number of the competitive pressures to markets are the capability to lessen the product price so low that a forthcoming firm cannot contend. There might as well be incidences of validity and consents to operate. A lot of monopolies support government officials which in turn aid to guard the firm by rejecting needed lawful documents and permissions to contend in the business. If a firm start-up were to effort to approach into the industry of airline they would not merely have to surmount the several millions of dollars required to sustain the jets, operating costs, and pay roll, however; they would as well require to have admission to terminals and be in conformity with the FAA. If they are not awarded sanction access through the FAA then they will by no means be competent to function and establish contending in the market. If they direct to sever through all of that, then the bigger airlines merely lesser the costs forcing the start-up firm into liquidation. Price elasticity of demand The demand of price elasticity in every market structure and its outcome on pricing the products inside the market’s structure diverge crosswise each market structure. Much or the cause is owing to competition and the proximity of substitutes accessible. For example a monopolistic competition has an demand of elastic against inelastic. This is since there are a lot of competing companies promoting the similar items. Consequently if the demand continues the same, however; one company lessens the rates severely, then that company will sell a great deal additional of its items even as the respite suffer sales. The price shifts crosswise the board in an oligopoly market all the way through the small number of companies that direct the market. All prices vary together comparably a great deal like an airline industry. If a cartel is structured, then the item turn out to be even additional inelastic. This is apparent with OPEC. In spite of whether or not the oil price rises or falls, the fuel demand will continue comparatively the same. A monopoly is as well additional of a structure of inelastic market. This is owing to the lack of competition. On the other hand, if not the firm is selling a total necessity, the price cannot be driven to irrational amounts as profit of long term will crash. There will be an equilibrium initiated that lets the firm to vend the items at a position that will make the most of profit over the continuing of the company. Role of the government The government roles have an effect on each of the market structure’s capability to price products in the course of numerous angels. One such way is the tax that it might place on a product for instance a sin tax. This tax is shoved from the firm to the buyer thus elevating the price of the product. If the item is elastic then the demand above the long-run will reduce. An additional way that the government influences each of the market structures capability to cost items is to inflict regulations on equally the manufacture and cost of an item. Farmers countenance this predicament for items for example wheat and grain. Even as they are proficient to grow far extra bushels a year, the government controls the quantity grown consequently as not to overflow the market out. This assists in regulating the price of goods diagonally the trade markets. Effect of international trade International trade have an effect on every market structure by regulating the quantity of a item that penetrates into one nation from another and with any tariffs initiated unto the item incoming into a country. Limiting the quantity of an item that is permitted into a nation is recognized as a quota. A quota will control or throttle the quantity of the item which is the identical as restricting supply. In view of the fact that supply is lesser the price of demand will raise. This denotes that the customer eventually ends up paying a great deal more for a desired good as it turn out to be additional restricted and desirable. Tariffs are initiated on goods as they flood in and do not control the quantity of an item. A fraction of a tariff will approach back as income for the government. Even though several price increases would ensue to the consumer, the elasticity of the item would not be as rigorous as the supply and demand level would stay constant. [Hubbard, R. OBrien, A. (2010) ] Conclusion In conclusion this paper has dealt with a variety of structures of market that will aid the local mayor recognize the structures of the lot of businesses in the city. The subsequent structures of market were dealt: monopolistic competition, perfect competition, monopoly and oligopoly. For each one of these topic structures of market characteristics were discussed. A real-life market structure in the local city was recognized with relative to the market characteristics. Subsequently, the paper discussed how high entry barriers into a structure of market effected profitability of long-run of the firms. Pressures of Competition that are existent in markets with high barriers to entry were clarified. Then the paper conferred the price elasticity of demand in every market structure and its outcome on pricing of its items in every market. Subsequent to that an explanation of how the function of government affects every market structure’s capability to price its items was offered. In conclusion, the outcome of international trade on every market structure was discussed. References Microeconomics principles and policies. Amacher, R., Pate, J. (2013). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Economics (7th ed.). Colander, D. C. (2008). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection. Differentiating between Market Structures University of Phoenix. (2008). [Multimedia]. Economics (3rd ed.). Hubbard, R. OBrien, A. (2010). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. Barriers to Entry, (2013), retrieved from Investopedia http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/barrierstoentry.asp

The Coral Ecosystem And How It Is Changing :: essays research papers

Coral reefs are one of nature’s most magnificent creations, filled with thousands of unique and valuable plants and animals. More than one quarter of all marine animals is dependent on coral reefs. Coral reefs are also a source of food and income for millions of people too. The coral reef ecosystems benefit humans commercially, recreationally and environmentally. Because of the complex interconnections between coral reefs, mangrove forests, sea grass beds, and many other different plants and animals, coral is very susceptible to destruction. One small change in any of these things can affect mass quantities of coral. That is why it is important to educate people about coral and how complex of a species they really are. That is the purpose of this report, to educate you and make you aware of that complexity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coral is often mistakenly identified as a rock, but in all actuality, it is an animal. The actual coral is composed of small animals called coral polyps. Most polyps are very small, although rare species can grow quite large. One coral branch or mound is composed of thousands of polyps. These thousands of polyps are called a coral colony. Polyps are nocturnal and stay inside their skeletons during the day. However, at night they can be seen when they stick their tentacles out to feed. Corals reproduce in many different ways. Some species are hermaphrodites, and produce both sperm and eggs, and some are single sexed organisms. They can reproduce both sexually or asexually. In most species, the egg and sperm are released into the water and random fertilization occurs. This is called coral spawning. The larva is attracted to the light and swims to the surface of the water where it remains for weeks. If the larva can survive without being eaten by predators, it will sink back to the bottom of the ocean floor. Hear it will attach itself to a hard substrate and will grow into a coral polyp. At this point, the coral polyp begins to reproduce asexually. As new polyps are built and added a colony develops. Eventually the coral colony matures and begins to reproduce sexually again, adding to the ever-continual cycle of life. One of the most amazing aspects of coral reproduction is that of mass coral spawning. In many parts of the world, on the same night of the year, every coral will spawn at the same time.

The Portrayal of Gabriel Oak in Far from the Madding Crowd by Thomas Ha

In the novel Far from the Madding Crowd written by Thomas Hardy, I will be observing in detail the main character, Gabriel Oak, a young sheep farmer. I am going to determine how he is described as a heroic character in the first seven chapters. Gabriel Oak is portrayed to the reader as a heroic character in several different ways. In chapter one, there is no action or events. Alternatively, in the first paragraph, there is a description of Oak, which is mainly focused on his broad smile. His smile is compared using a simile, 'like the rays in a rudimentary sketch of the rising sun.' This immediately implies that he is a cheerful, good-natured character. Secondly, he is referred to with many different names. Farmer Oak illustrates his status, respect and authority. His Christian name, Gabriel has a reference towards the bible, as Gabriel was the good angel of God. Lastly, his surname, Oak, this may refer to wood as Oak is strong and durable which may represent his strength and durability. This is stressing the positive quality of Oak's character. The reader starts to get an encouraging image of Gabriel once reading the first two paragraphs. Farmer Oak's background is rather straightforward although he has had many jobs. He is conscientious and thorough as he cares greatly on how everything is presented and what people think of him. He was firstly a shepherd and then a bailiff before becoming a farmer. His father was a shepherd, so he had grown up on a farm learning the skills required from his dad. Moreover, the clothes Gabriel wore were not pretentious. I know this because on his working days he wore his clothes ... ...ently told everybody what had to be done to help and soon the fire was under control. Without Gabriel's good sense and bravery the fire would have been unmanageable. Oaks courage was admired by all of the spectators and many compliments soon spread through the crowd. Once Gabriel had found out that Bathsheba was in need of a shepherd, he was not too modest to ask her. He did not let what happened in the past effect his decision in asking her for a job and did not seem embarrassed. This shows his respect towards people and shows that he is a highly regarded man. All these positive qualities show that Gabriel Oak is a reputable man and is willing to help anyone, even if he does not know them. It shows that he is courageous and not a proud man. All of which portray to the reader that Gabriel Oak is a heroic character.

Family Systems Essay

Family systems theory was founded by Dr. Murray Bowen. He suggested that the connections and reactions found within a family system creates interdependence on one another. He based his theory on the natural emotional connections with the family. He continued to build upon it as time went on. After Bowen there were several other theorists who used Bowen’s theory as a base, and built off of it. Bowen created his theory based on eight major concepts. They are as follows; Differentiation of Self, Nuclear Family Emotional System, Triangles, Family Projection Process, Multigenerational Transmission Process, Emotional Cutoff, Sibling Position, Societal Emotional Process. The core concept in Bowenian theory is Differentation of Self, this says that the more developed someone’s â€Å"self† is that less impact society and others will have on them. â€Å"The basic building blocks of a â€Å"self† are inborn, but an individual’s family relationships during childhood and adolescence primarily determine how much â€Å"self† he develops† (thebowencenter.com) This concept can be seen as a self-esteem issue. Bowen says that someone with a poor sense of self will quickly conform to others thought and opinions. While someone with a secure sense of â€Å"self† is able to keep that secure thorough social influences. He created a scale that meas ured differentiating self it was measured 0-100. 0-25 were the people with the lowest sense of self, these people liked to be â€Å"comfortable† and did so with self-sacrifice. While people above 60 were rare, they had an extreme sense of self, and were free from societal emotional control and did not control others. The second concept is, Nuclear Family Emotional System which is based on four basic relationship patterns;. marital conflict, dysfunction in one spouse, impairment in one or more children, and emotional distance. Marital conflict is caused by the externalizing of anxiety and emotions caused by family stress. Each spouse presents this in different ways but, the common behaviors include; need for control, knit picking, and resistance to each other. Marital conflict can lead to a breakdown in the family system as well as a marriage. Secondly, dysfunction in one spouse is when one spouse tries  to conform the other to think and act the way they do. The controlling spouse in this situation over bears the other spouse making them act and think in ways they may otherwise not. This can lead to anxiety, tension, and possibly psychiatric or mental dysfunction. Thirdly, impairment in one or more children, can cause excessive attention to the impaired child, causing them to act out and interna lize family tension more then the other children, because they feel like the spotlight is on them. The last relationship pattern is emotional distance. This is a basic pattern seen when the relationships within the family become to intense and people start to distance themselves to lessen the intensity of the relationship. The third concept is Triangles, which are a single relationship with three people involved. Triangles can be great when there is no tension, but can cause a break down in the family system when tension is present. Triangles in tension situations, have insiders and outsiders. The outsiders are trying to get in and the insiders are trying to get out. An example I found of this was a child whose parents were focusing on what was wrong with his so much that he started to rebel. He felt under so much pressure that he was trying to get â€Å"outside† the triangle to relieve some of the pressure. Triangles play an important role in family systems as well as in therapy. The fourth Bowenian concept is, Family projection process which is the process of the parents transmitting there emotional problems to the child. The projection process follows three steps. â€Å"(1) the parent focuses on a child out of fear that something is wrong with the child; (2) the parent interprets the child’s behavior as confirming the fear; and (3) the parent treats the child as if something is really wrong with the child.† (thebowencenter.com) This process can cause the child to feel insecure when attention is not focused on them. There are so many different situation that fall under this projection umbrella. An example could be, a mother feels depressed therefore, she feels the child is depressed and treats the child accordingly. This can also be seen in extreme cases where a mother favors a certain child, and the father sees the child-mother combination as one unit and take his anger towards the mother out on the child. The fifth concept is, Multigeneration al transmission process which says â€Å"how small differences in the levels of differentiation between parents and their offspring lead over many generations to marked differences in differentiation among the  members of a multigenerational family.† (Schara, Blog 2013) Bowen feels that the way people react to situations and relationships is based on a multigenerational transmission of behaviors and emotions. The sixth concept, Emotional cutoff, is simple. Simply speaking people emotionally cutoff other family members instead of resolving the conflicts within the relationship/s. The seventh concept, Sibling position, says that your birth order effects the way you view the world. Oldest siblings tend to be leaders, where youngest siblings tend to be followers. This isn’t always true because can be effected by parental emotions and behaviors. Bowen used psychologist Walter Toman’s research to help him form his theory on sibling position. Examples used; if an oldest sibling is focused on by the parents growing up, then they may not be able to take leadership or make their own decisions. This leaves the â€Å"leadership† role to the younger sibling therefore, putting them in the â€Å"oldest† leadership type role. Where people are in sibling position can effect their marriage, their parenting skills, and of course the family dynamics. The last concept in Bowenian theory is, societal emotional process. This concept tells us how the emotional system controls behavior on a societal level. This is similar to that within a family system, which can be progressive or regressive. Societies go through progressions and regressions constantly. If a society is going through a progression, or regression, it can effect the entire society including all of the major branches and boiling down into the individual family systems. All of these major concepts in Bowenian theory are based on the emotions and behaviors of each individual and their effects on the family system. Bowen was a big believer in the family being seen as one cohesive unit and working towards homeostasis. The basic techniques used in Family systems theory are; detriangulation, nonanxious presence, genograms, coaching, reframing, power differential, and the purser-distancer concept. All of these techniques are used to reach the common goal of homeostasis within the family system. In regards to Detriangualtion, this is when a therapist breaks up a triangular relationship between three people in the family. By having one person within the triangle take a stand on an issue, that is not agreed upon by the other two people in the triangle. Therefore, creating a sense of self within that one person and breaking the give and take relationship in the le. â€Å"In Bowenian family therapy, it is argued that a  conflict between two people will resolve itself in the presence of a third person who can avoid emotional participation with either while relating actively to both.† (Bowen 1978) As a Bowenion therapist you must take on the role of the non-anxious presence. This is when a therapist keeps a sense of calm throughout the session regardless of the circumstances. A non-anxious presence can bring peace to the family involved and help them to open up in session. A n anxious therapist can inflict unneeded chaos and stress for obvious reasons. A building block tool used in the Bowen Family Systems therapy is a genogram. When the family comes in for intake, most therapists will create a genogram. This is a multigenerational map of the family that documents mental illness, substance abuse, medical issues, relationships, and some events tied to specific family members. A genogram can give the therapist a sense of what they need to address within the family system. Family Systems theory uses coaching as a way to help the families through tough times, and provides them with tools to succeed as a family unit. Coaching can help by giving families a way to understand each others interworking’s and hopefully see each other through clearer light. The goal of coaching a family would be to establish a stronger sense of self while strengthening the family system. Reframing takes place when the family needs to change the way they look at each other or the unit as a whole. Reframing a relationship takes hard work but can bring about peace and reduce tension within the family. In order to reframe a relationship or many the therapist must reinterpret a families situation to make them more open to solution. â€Å"Reframing is a type of communication that can help family members better understand the concerns and intentions behind the misconstrued words.† (Jeanty, Jacqueline) An example of reframing, is a child who is constantly badgering their mother about quitting smoking. Once the situation is reframed it is easier to see that the child is scared and cares deeply about the mothers health, which is why they continued to badger. Power Differential,

Autopsy at a Crime Scene

1. Which technique is the best choice when blood is found at a crime scene? In the genetics laboratory (under â€Å"resources† at the bottom of the window), who is one individual that contributed to modern genetic analysis? What did this person contribute? * The best choice of a technique when blood is found at a crime scene is taking samples. In the genetics laboratory the person who contributes to modern genetic analysis is the crime scene technician. This person makes the crime scene freeze. 2. How are computers used in fingerprint analysis? * Computers are used in fingerprint analysis because they scan the fingerprints found and they see if they can find the exact match on the computer. 3. Who is a pioneer in fingerprint analysis? Describe a famous case that this person was involved in. * A pioneer in fingerprint analysis is Edward Foster. A famous case he was once involved in was â€Å"Caution! Fresh Paint. † It was about fingerprints that were left in wet paint next to the murder victim. . What is the role of the forensic chemist in crime scene investigation? * The role of the forensic chemist in a crime scene investigation is that they analyze chemicals, organic and inorganic samples. They identify components using many tests. 5. Who helped pioneer forensic chemistry? Describe one of her famous cases. * France Mc. Gill helped pioneer forensic chemistry. One of her famous cases was about she found a strong poison in two elders muffins and it killed them. Turns out it was the granddaughter, her intent was to give them to her dad. 6. In the ballistics laboratory, what is the water tank used for? Describe the analysis. * In the ballistics laboratory the water tank is used to determine if a bullet found at the crime scene actually came from the suspect’s weapon. They have to use another bullet from the same gun. They shoot it into a water tank and it slows it down and stops it so that they can collect it intact. 7. Who helped pioneer ballistics analysis? What did he contribute? Wilfred Derome helped pioneer ballistics analysis. He contributed the first forensic lab in North America. 8. Why is measuring and diagramming the scene important? * It is important to measure and diagram the crime scene because they sketch these and later they are put onto the computer for an accurate plan. 9. What materials or tools would a crime scene technician use? * The materials that a crime scene technician would use would be a camera, polilight, measurements and diagramming, relevant prints, and sample taking. 0. From the activity and the information it had, what aspect of an investigation do you think you’d most like to work in? For example, would you prefer one of the laboratories? What appeals to you about this particular aspect of the investigation? * From this activity and the information it had I think the type of aspect of an investigation I would like to work in would be the genetics laboratory. The thing that appeals to me is how they collect DNA and how they can match it to a certain person.

Money Does Not Guarantee Happiness

Firstly, it is true that money doesn’t guarantee happiness. But then what does? In my very own opinion on this no one could exactly tell anything that can guarantee their happiness. Even the often talked about subject of health doesn’t guarantee happiness. I know thousands of people who are healthy yet are unhappy. So why don’t people say health that doesn’t guarantee happiness? Have you ever noticed that most of the sulking, miserable people that you meet in everyday life are rich people? The misery that these people go through is not because they donnot have enough money to by two square meals. It occurs due to the fact that everyone seems to have more expectations from money. Money cannot buy you everything but in the minds of people who give up everything for money, it is difficult to accept that they strove so hard to achieve partial success. I also think for a fact that money goes a long way to make anyone happy. As for me money enables me to buy food for myself and my family, and that makes me happy. Money enables me to buy a house for my family, and that makes me happy. Money enables me to send my children to good schools, and that makes me happy. Money enables me to go to places that I dream about, and that makes me happy. Money enables me to buy some stuff to make my life more comfortable, and that makes me happy. In other words, money goes a long way to help you live a happy life. In fact, the money itself will make you happy. When you are broke, even a dollar will make you very happy. Yes, after a while the effect wears off a little – the eleventh million is just another figure after ten million – but I can assure you that it comes in handy. And having money helps immensely as many of the things that you have to do either costs money or involves money. In short, money is a big part of the solution.

I Heart Huckabees: Concept of Dasein Essay

This is one of my attempts to highlight a few of the connections between the thought provoking scenes of this movie and the Existential movement in 19th and 20th century Philosophy. I do list and describe a few scenes and quotes, so i’ll throw on a SPOILER alert just in case. One of the most prominent concepts in I (Heart) Huckabees is that of Martin Heidegger’s Dasein. Dasein, literally meaning â€Å"Being-there†, is Heidegger’s method in which he applies another prominant Existential philospher, Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology to human beings themselves. What it does is instead of defining a â€Å"thing† and putting it into a preconceived category, one waits for the â€Å"thing† to reveal itself in its own time. The remarkable thing about Heidegger is that he never calls human beings â€Å"man†, but instead we are Dasein – in other words, we are simply in a field of being where we are free to define who we are for ourselves. Our being Dasein is our â€Å"thrownness† into life(a prominant theme to the Existential movement), and we are â€Å"thrown† into life with other Dasein(you and I). This then leads to mitdasein (â€Å"with-there-being†), meaning we are still â€Å"being-there†(Dasien), but now we are there with other Dasein. I (Heart) Huckabees demonstrates Heidegger’s Dasein and mitdasein multiple times, usually emphasized by Dustin Hoffman’s character, Bernard. In the first few scenes of the movie, Bernard speaks of infinity and â€Å"the blanket. † He holds up a blanket and asks us to imagine that it is the entire universe. Each part of the blanket is a different person, place, or thing; whether it is a hammer, or Paris, or you, the reader of this review. The point he makes is that everything in the universe is interconnected and we can’t tell where one person begins and another ends. Bernard also tells us, â€Å"The universe is an infinite sphere, the center is everywhere and the circumference is nowhere. † This is a wonderful example of Heidegger’s Dasein; our being has no outside to speak of, it is totality. The blanket represents mitdasein, demonstrating that we are not alone in our infinite field of being, but instead are accompanied by every other Dasein, all overlapping. Another of Heidegger’s Existential ideas is tossed about in I (Heart) Huckabees, though not as defined as the illusions to Dasein. When Tommy (Mark Wahlberg) and Albert (Jason Schwartzman), meet the French nihilist, Caterine (Isabelle Huppert), she introduces Heidegger’s concept of authenticity and inauthenticity. In the scene, Caterine has Tommy and Albert repeatedly bash each other in the face with a large ball; they continue to hit one another until the one being beaten ceases to think for a brief period. They have discovered what Caterine calls â€Å"Pure Being. † In ceasing to think, Albert and Tommy are allowed to simply be free to exist (Dasein, again), but they are soon pulled back in their minds, which Caterine names human drama. Though they think they can teach themselves to stay in a state of â€Å"Pure Being† all the time, Caterine explains that it will always be a cycle, going from â€Å"Pure Being† to human drama and back again. According to Heidegger, before we realize our selves, we are in a state of Verfallenheit, or â€Å"fallen-ness. † In this state, we are slaves to what Heidegger calls the One (â€Å"human drama†), or rather the public life. We are part of this public creature and we are categorized for being as such. This constricts us as Dasein and doesn’t allow us to realize our full potential. It is during this state of Verfallenheit, and being part of the One, that we are inauthentic. We are not being true to ourselves as Dasein, and therefore not allowing ourselves to rise to the level of existence we need to reach. It is only when we break free from the One and enter the level of Self that we become authentic, true selves. Heidegger understands, however, that sometimes we are pulled back into Verfallenheit, and must then go back through the One, or human drama as Caterine puts it, and back into the level of self. As Heidegger explains our cycle of inauthenticity and authenticity, Caterine explains much the same thing in her description of the cycle between â€Å"Pure Being† and human drama. Another I (Heart) Huckabees scene with high existential fiber is the short poem about a rock which Albert has written for his â€Å"open spaces† campaign: â€Å"Nobody sits like this rock sits. You rock, rock. The rock just sits and is. You show us how to just sit here†¦ and that’s what we need. † The poem brings to light the term Being-for-itself (etre pour soi), which is most closely associated with famous Existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre. Because of our consciousness, this term is most often applied to human beings and states that we are always beyond ourselves, thinking thoughts of ourselves, obsessively thinking of our pasts and futures, etc. This causes alot of pain and suffering for human kind – causing us to view ourselves in the future or judge ourselves according to the past – failing to be in the present moment, in the NOW. Unlike the rock which is always in the present moment, or, â€Å"being-in-itself†, Sartre believes that we can never possess ourselves fully. We can posses the rock, however, because it is a thing. The rock is not conscious, it is what it is at all moments†¦ but this is something impossible for humans because of our capability to go beyond ourselves in consciousness. In the final scene of the movie, Albert and Tommy are sitting on the rock and Albert claims that â€Å"The interconnection thing is definitely for real. † Heidegger would smile at Albert’s newfound discovery of mitdasein, that we are not alone in our infinite field of being, but instead are accompanied by all others. â€Å"Everything is the same, even if it’s different. † In this closing scene, in the same place as when the movie opened, seeing them both there on the rock made it hard not to think of the characters Vladimir and Estragon from Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot, a famous Existential play in which two men wait endlessly in the middle of nowhere for a man named â€Å"Godot†. The Existentialism that gave birth to many of the scenes in the movie, I believe to be numerous. I have only touched upon a fraction of these. For example, two very famous philosophers – Friedrich Nietzsche and Soren Kierkegaard – can be seen as represented by the characters of Caterine and Bernard. Nietzsche, most well known for his claim that â€Å"God is dead†, may very well be an incarnation in the philosophy shown by Caterine. Kierkegaard on the other hand, who believed that God is not dead, but trully being faithful requires a â€Å"leap of faith†, is brought alive in the enlightening and â€Å"soft† teachings of Bernard and his wife. I wont go into further detail about the works of these two men, but encourage anyone interested to read deeper into their two philosophies†¦ you will certainly find more connections between the movie and the Existential movement. I hope this has helped share some light on those both perplexed by the movie and those interested in knowing the deeper historical and philosophical aspect of I (Heart) Huckabees. If you take some time to educate yourself on the background of Existentialism, you may find that I (Heart) Huckabees prooves to be a totally different experience when viewed a second time around.

Dentist: Dentistry and Dental School

Dentists There are many different careers out there. Dentistry is a career that requires more training than others. There is a wide variety of different specialties that one can do in dentistry, but the majority of dentists are general practitioners. On average, general dentists in South Carolina make about $137,400 a year (Dentists). In order to become a dentist in South Carolina, you are required to graduate and attain a dentistry license. Dentists must be able to do different tasks throughout the day and work with many people.To become a dentist, one must attend dental school which usually takes four years beyond undergraduate college. You may graduate with a degree as a doctor of dental surgery or a doctor of dental medicine. The admittance requirements for dental school vary based on each school. Some of the more common requirements include: at least three or four years of college and at least a GPA of 3. 5 (Dental Schools Ranked by GPA). It is not mandatory to have a Bachelor o f Science degree, however, it is encouraged.Some dental schools require you to take certain science classes such as, chemistry (organic, inorganic and biochemistry), mathematics, physics, biology, and psychology. Before you apply to a dental school, you must pass the Dental Admission Test. The DAT measures your scientific knowledge, reading comprehension, and reasoning skills. After graduating from dental school, you have the option of specialty training. Specialty training is offered at many schools and normally takes about two more years beyond dental school. About one-fourth to one-third of new graduates enroll in postgraduate training programs to prepare for a dental specialty† (Henderson). Some dental school graduates start out working as associates for established dentists. They usually work for them for about a year or two while gaining experience. Others purchase or open up a practice immediately after graduation. Many aspiring dentists also receive additional experien ce by working in clinics affiliated with the school. Another way dental school students may receive experience would be through internship.While interning for a practice, they are able to get used to the physical demands and everyday tasks of a dentist. Dentists should be trained to offer a wide variety of professional services. They should be able to aid gum inflammation, tooth decay, chipped, infected or broken teeth. It is important for a dentist to be able to stand and keep their hand steady for a long period of time. They must â€Å"develop a gentle touch† for the comfort of their patient (Field). This gentle touch will also help them when they have to perform root canals, remove teeth, or corrective surgery on the gums.They should also be able to determine the difference between shades of color and brightness. Dentists are exposed to diseases and infections carried by patients on a daily basis. For this reason, it is important for them to wear protective gear when worki ng. I researched this career because I hope to become a Pediatric Dentist someday. I plan on going to college and majoring in psychology and biology and then going to dental school. My uncle is a dentist and has inspired me to become one. He is very successful and loves his job. Hopefully one day I can become successful and love my job just like my uncle.

ENRON Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ENRON Case Study - Essay Example ? What is so staggering, so appalling, so outrageous is that this once $50 billion company melted to nothingness during the period November 8, 2001, when it restated its earnings retroactive to 1997, to December 2, when it filed bankruptcy (Hartgraves, 2002)†. On October 16, 2001, Enron Corporation of Houston, Texas, one of the largest corporations in the world, announced it was reducing its after-tax net income by $544 million and its shareholders equity by $1.2 billion. On November 8, it announced that, because of accounting errors, it was restating its previously reported net income for the years 1997–2000. These changes reduced its stockholders equity by $508 million. Thus, within a month, Enrons stockholders equity was lower by $1.7 billion (18% of previously reported $9.6 billion at September 30, 2001) (Hartgraves, 2002). The ability to respond to the needs of the customer by identifying them is the most important strength of Enron. Another added advantage or strength is the integrated approach that the company has got towards doing business at an international level. The company has also got extensive access to various physical assets. This acts as one of its strengths because this is expected to results in growth of earnings continuously. The manpower that Enron has got was also a major strength of the company. The staff of Enron took pride over the company and they gave out their best to improve the performance of the company. The environment of the company was felt to be very innovative and progressive by most of its employees. Also the company had a strong voice of the public i.e. a very good name among the investor group. This too can be attributed as one its strength. Apart from this, Enron was ranked as the seventh on the list of fortune 500 companies which gave the company vast fame as a credible company (Jeff Porter, 2005). â€Å"The company’s reputation and public perception were also considered to be its strengths (Jeff Porter,

Three course-changing Events in the history of western technology Term Paper

Three course-changing Events in the history of western technology - Term Paper Example The present superiority of the western world crucially pivots on the excellence of the technological development which mainly starts in the first half of the 18th century. Inventions of new technologies and gradual shift from manual labor to machine for nationwide internal production gradually begin to make the warring nations of the European continent outbound in search of newer supplies of raw materials to feed their gigantic machine-based industries and at the same time newer markets in order to sell the surplus commodities and goods after meeting their national demands. Consequently, Europe-controlled trade and commerce began to expand rapidly all over the world. Therefore, an economically strong militarily superior and Europe began to emerge in world politics. Indeed the West did not achieve this excellence overnight. Rather the west has a long tradition of science and technology and a great deal of course-changing inventions of technology. Among these course-changing events in technology, the inventions of print-machine, dry compass and the birth of Leonardo de Vinci are the most mentionable three. Indeed the chronology of the two inventions is such that the following had been benefitted by the preceding one. Gutenberg’s Invention of Printing Machine in 1436 It will not be an exaggeration to say that an enlightened Europe had been possible to a great extent because of Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of printing technology in 1436. ... According to a study, by the end of the fifteenth century, there were about 236 cities, all over Europe, that established printing machines (Febvre 36). But by the end of the 16th Century the printing presses in the European countries had produced about 200 millions of books. In the 1600s, the printing presses in Europe were â€Å"capable of producing 3,600 impressions per workday† (Wolf 213). Indeed, it is almost impossible to sum up the effects and the aftermaths of the invention of Gutenberg’s printing press. To a great extent, the invention of printing press was one of the direct catalysts of the Reformation. The catholic versus protestant conflict during the Reformation was able to achieve a popular dimension amongst the common people with the blessings of the printing presses. About 750000 pieces of Erasmus’s work, one of the leading figures of the Reformation, were sold in print-format during his lifetime. Again 300000 printed copies of Luther’s tra cts were distributed among the common people. Apart from the Reformation as the direct consequence of the invention of Gutenberg printing press, there are numerous events in the history of western world that can be linked with this invention. The Renaissance, the Enlightenment of Europe, the Age of Exploration and the Industrial Revolution were some of the remote mega events that were engendered by the invention of printing press since it led to the democratization of knowledge while establishing numerous groups of scholars and communities of scientists. Effects of the Invention of Dry-Compass and the Development of Maritime Technology Contemporary to the invention of Gutenberg’s printing press, the invention of dry compass along